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  • A SEM image of the edge of a leaf shows a calcium oxalate crystal. These crystals are found throughout the plant and are responsible for throat irritation when medical marijuana is smoked. Plants that have too many oxalate crystals are good candidates for modern THC extraction techniques. Calcium oxalate crystals in plants are called raphides. Humans have similar calcium crystals that can appear as kidney stones. These crystals help remove calcium build up in the tissues and make it undesirable for grazing animals to eat the plant. Magnification is x120 on the printed page.
    K170406z056.jpg
  • A light microscope image of the epidermal layer of a cactus (unidentified) showing  numerous calcium oxalate crystals.  Calcium oxalate crystals in plants are called raphides, in humans they can appear as kidney stones. These crystals help remove calcium build up in the tissues and make it undesirable for herbivore animals to eat the plant.Photo taken at 40x.
    K14-oxalatextal71.jpg
  • A light microscope image of the epidermal layer of a cactus (unidentified) showing  numerous calcium oxalate crystals.  Calcium oxalate crystals in plants are called raphides, in humans they can appear as kidney stones. These crystals help remove calcium build up in the tissues and make it undesirable for herbivore animals to eat the plant.Photo taken at 20x.
    K14-oxalatextal72.jpg
  • A false color SEM image of a Calcium oxalate crystal.  Even a small dose of calcium oxalate is enough to cause intense sensations of burning in the mouth and throat.  Commonly found in popular houseplants, such as Dumbcane, the crystals effects or symptoms may last for a week or more, making calcium oxalate crystals a non-desirable ingredient in medicinal cannabis.  It is surprising that calcium oxalate is rarely discussed in literature about medical marijuana (cannabis).  There crystals are fairly common in plants, as they make it hard for grazing animals to eat the plant. Image is 70 um wide.
    K13SEM-pot-oxalate02.jpg
  • A false color SEM image of a Calcium oxalate crystal.  Even a small dose of calcium oxalate is enough to cause intense sensations of burning in the mouth and throat.  Commonly found in popular houseplants, such as Dumbcane, the crystals effects or symptoms may last for a week or more, making calcium oxalate crystals a non-desirable ingredient in medicinal cannabis.  It is surprising that calcium oxalate is rarely discussed in literature about medical marijuana (cannabis).  There crystals are fairly common in plants, as they make it hard for grazing animals to eat the plant. Image is 20 um wide.
    K13SEM-pot-oxalate01A.jpg
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