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  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration076.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration074.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a quare sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency.  When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes.   Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate.  The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate.   This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 – 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibrationsquare002.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration067.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a quare sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency.  When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes.   Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate.  The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate.   This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 – 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibrationsquare03.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a quare sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency.  When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes.   Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate.  The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate.   This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 – 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibrationsquare001.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration072.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration075.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration065.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration079.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration062.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration064.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration078.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration071.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration068.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a quare sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency.  When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes.   Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate.  The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate.   This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 – 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibrationsquare-set2.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_3232A.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_3285A.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_3353A.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_0528.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_0473A.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_0490.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_0543.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_0540.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_3236A.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_0257.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_0415A.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations-Kelido-_3285A.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_3281A.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_3303A.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_0485.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_0489.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_3212.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_3231-EditA.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_0491.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_0553.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations-9-images.jpg
  • A light is mounted to the end of a spring.  The pendulum and bouncing action of the spring trace out Lissajous patterns in space.
    K09spring003.jpg
  • A light is mounted to the end of a spring.  The pendulum and bouncing action of the spring trace out Lissajous patterns in space.
    K09spring002.jpg
  • This is a demonstration of a ball rolling down an incline, slowing down, and then speeding back to where it started.  The ball is rolling from left to right in this image.  The analysis of this demo requires the use of the  kinetic energy, potential energy, rolling energy, and friction.   The  ball is 2.5 cm in diameter. The flash illuminates the scene at 40 hz showing images every  .025 seconds of time.
    K12-coaster8298.jpg
  • A Synthetic quarts crystal that is lab grown.  This crystal will be cut into sections that will be manufactured into optical components and electrical quartz crystal oscillators. Quartz creates an electrical signal with a very precise frequency that is used to provide a stable clock signal to the rest of the circuit.
    K14synthetic-quarts2613.jpg
  • Vibrating strings on a base electric guitar. When plucked, the string vibrates at a specific frequency, which determines the pitch of the note. The vertical lines on the fretboard of the guitar mark where fingers should be placed to shorten or lengthen the vibrating part of the string. Shortening the string produces a note with a higher pitch, lengthening it lowers the note. The image was collected with a digital camera with a fast rolling shutter.
    K17strings-on-base-9.jpg
  • Vibrating strings on a base electric guitar. When plucked, the string vibrates at a specific frequency, which determines the pitch of the note. The vertical lines on the fretboard of the guitar mark where fingers should be placed to shorten or lengthen the vibrating part of the string. Shortening the string produces a note with a higher pitch, lengthening it lowers the note. The image was collected with a digital camera with a fast rolling shutter.
    K17strings-on-base-7.jpg
  • Vibrating strings on a base electric guitar. When plucked, the string vibrates at a specific frequency, which determines the pitch of the note. The vertical lines on the fretboard of the guitar mark where fingers should be placed to shorten or lengthen the vibrating part of the string. Shortening the string produces a note with a higher pitch, lengthening it lowers the note. The image was collected with a digital camera with a fast rolling shutter.
    K17strings-on-base-5.jpg
  • Vibrating strings on a base electric guitar. When plucked, the string vibrates at a specific frequency, which determines the pitch of the note. The vertical lines on the fretboard of the guitar mark where fingers should be placed to shorten or lengthen the vibrating part of the string. Shortening the string produces a note with a higher pitch, lengthening it lowers the note. The image was collected with a digital camera with a fast rolling shutter.
    K17strings-on-base-8.jpg
  • Chemical waves in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reagent. This is a well-mixed solution of citric acid, potassium bromate and a cerium sulphate catalyst. If the local relative concentrations in the reagent are altered, for example by the impact of a dust particle on the surface, the equilibrium of the reaction is disturbed. The reaction then oscillates between oxidation and reduction. The oscillation propagates through the solution as a concentration front (yellow lines), caused by the dynamic coupling between the propagation rate of the reaction and the rates of diffusion of the reagents. Such chemical waves may be modeled using chaos mathematics.
    K10BZRXN3563.tif
  • Chemical waves in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reagent. This is a well-mixed solution of citric acid, potassium bromate and a cerium sulphate catalyst. If the local relative concentrations in the reagent are altered, for example by the impact of a dust particle on the surface, the equilibrium of the reaction is disturbed. The reaction then oscillates between oxidation and reduction. The oscillation propagates through the solution as a concentration front (yellow lines), caused by the dynamic coupling between the propagation rate of the reaction and the rates of diffusion of the reagents. Such chemical waves may be modeled using chaos mathematics.  This image is part of a series.
    K10BZRXN3575.tif
  • Chemical waves in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reagent. This is a well-mixed solution of citric acid, potassium bromate and a cerium sulphate catalyst. If the local relative concentrations in the reagent are altered, for example by the impact of a dust particle on the surface, the equilibrium of the reaction is disturbed. The reaction then oscillates between oxidation and reduction. The oscillation propagates through the solution as a concentration front (yellow lines), caused by the dynamic coupling between the propagation rate of the reaction and the rates of diffusion of the reagents. Such chemical waves may be modeled using chaos mathematics.
    K10BZRXN3566.tif
  • Chemical waves in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reagent. This is a well-mixed solution of citric acid, potassium bromate and a cerium sulphate catalyst. If the local relative concentrations in the reagent are altered, for example by the impact of a dust particle on the surface, the equilibrium of the reaction is disturbed. The reaction then oscillates between oxidation and reduction. The oscillation propagates through the solution as a concentration front (yellow lines), caused by the dynamic coupling between the propagation rate of the reaction and the rates of diffusion of the reagents. Such chemical waves may be modeled using chaos mathematics.  This image is part of a series.
    K10BZRXN3581.tif
  • Chemical waves in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reagent. This is a well-mixed solution of citric acid, potassium bromate and a cerium sulphate catalyst. If the local relative concentrations in the reagent are altered, for example by the impact of a dust particle on the surface, the equilibrium of the reaction is disturbed. The reaction then oscillates between oxidation and reduction. The oscillation propagates through the solution as a concentration front (yellow lines), caused by the dynamic coupling between the propagation rate of the reaction and the rates of diffusion of the reagents. Such chemical waves may be modeled using chaos mathematics.  This image is part of a series.
    K10BZRXN3572.tif
  • Chemical waves in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reagent. This is a well-mixed solution of citric acid, potassium bromate and a cerium sulphate catalyst. If the local relative concentrations in the reagent are altered, for example by the impact of a dust particle on the surface, the equilibrium of the reaction is disturbed. The reaction then oscillates between oxidation and reduction. The oscillation propagates through the solution as a concentration front (yellow lines), caused by the dynamic coupling between the propagation rate of the reaction and the rates of diffusion of the reagents. Such chemical waves may be modeled using chaos mathematics.  This image is part of a series.
    K10BZRXN3578.tif
  • Chemical waves in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reagent. This is a well-mixed solution of citric acid, potassium bromate and a cerium sulphate catalyst. If the local relative concentrations in the reagent are altered, for example by the impact of a dust particle on the surface, the equilibrium of the reaction is disturbed. The reaction then oscillates between oxidation and reduction. The oscillation propagates through the solution as a concentration front (yellow lines), caused by the dynamic coupling between the propagation rate of the reaction and the rates of diffusion of the reagents. Such chemical waves may be modeled using chaos mathematics.  This image is part of a series.
    K10BZRXN3584.tif
  • Chemical waves in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reagent. This is a well-mixed solution of citric acid, potassium bromate and a cerium sulphate catalyst. If the local relative concentrations in the reagent are altered, for example by the impact of a dust particle on the surface, the equilibrium of the reaction is disturbed. The reaction then oscillates between oxidation and reduction. The oscillation propagates through the solution as a concentration front (yellow lines), caused by the dynamic coupling between the propagation rate of the reaction and the rates of diffusion of the reagents. Such chemical waves may be modeled using chaos mathematics.
    K10BZRXN3569.tif
  • Chemical waves in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reagent. This is a well-mixed solution of citric acid, potassium bromate and a cerium sulphate catalyst. If the local relative concentrations in the reagent are altered, for example by the impact of a dust particle on the surface, the equilibrium of the reaction is disturbed. The reaction then oscillates between oxidation and reduction. The oscillation propagates through the solution as a concentration front (yellow lines), caused by the dynamic coupling between the propagation rate of the reaction and the rates of diffusion of the reagents. Such chemical waves may be modeled using chaos mathematics.
    K10BZRXN3560.tif
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