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  • This is a demonstration used to show the principle of heat of compression.  This is the physical process that makes Diesel engines possible.   To work the demonstration, a small sample of cotton is placed in the chamber.  The plunger is then forced down and held in place with considerable force.  The air in the chamber is forced into a very small volume, thus heating the air above the flash temperature of the Cotton.  The same process take place in a Diesel engine, but the fuel is oil.  The Diesel engine is much more efficient that a gasoline engine. .
    K12-combustion8008.jpg
  • This is a demonstration used to show the principle of heat of compression.  This is the physical process that makes Diesel engines possible.   To work the demonstration, a small sample of cotton is placed in the chamber.  The plunger is then forced down and held in place with considerable force.  The air in the chamber is forced into a very small volume, thus heating the air above the flash temperature of the Cotton.  The same process take place in a Diesel engine, but the fuel is oil.  The Diesel engine is much more efficient that a gasoline engine. .
    K12-combustion7955.jpg
  • This is a demonstration used to show the principle of heat of compression.  This is the physical process that makes Diesel engines possible.   To work the demonstration, a small sample of cotton is placed in the chamber.  The plunger is then forced down and held in place with considerable force.  The air in the chamber is forced into a very small volume, thus heating the air above the flash temperature of the Cotton.  The same process take place in a Diesel engine, but the fuel is oil.  The Diesel engine is much more efficient that a gasoline engine.  This image is part of a sequence showing the chamber before and after ignition..
    K12-combustion8014.jpg
  • Regular water is frozen in an ice cube tray.  In a dark room the ice cube tray is twisted to release the cubes.  When ice breaks it releases light in a physical process known as triboluminescence.  This image was photographed at 409,000 ISO at F1.8 and is the first ever recorded image showing this common effect.  To observe this affect for yourself, twist an ice cube tray to release the cubes in a totally black room with your eyes adjusted to the dark for at least 5 minutes.  To observe this affect the colder the ice the better when it is broken.  This light is emitted from ice when it breaks, but is rarely seen due to the extremely low levels of light produced.
    K16ice-breaking0156.jpg
  • Regular water is frozen in an ice cube tray.  In a dark room the ice cube tray is twisted to release the cubes.  When ice breaks it releases light in a physical process known as triboluminescence.  This image was photographed at 409,000 ISO at F1.8 and is the first ever recorded image showing this common effect.  To observe this affect for yourself, twist an ice cube tray to release the cubes in a totally black room with your eyes adjusted to the dark for at least 5 minutes.  To observe this affect the colder the ice the better when it is broken.  This light is emitted from ice when it breaks, but is rarely seen due to the extremely low levels of light produced.
    K16-icebreaking0165.jpg
  • This is a demonstration used to show the principle of heat of compression.  This is the physical process that makes Diesel engines possible.   To work the demonstration, a small sample of cotton is placed in the chamber.  The plunger is then forced down and held in place with considerable force.  The air in the chamber is forced into a very small volume, thus heating the air above the flash temperature of the Cotton.  The same process take place in a Diesel engine, but the fuel is oil.  The Diesel engine is much more efficient that a gasoline engine.  This image is part of a sequence showing the chamber before and after ignition..
    K12-combustion8020.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration079.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration072.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration075.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration074.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration065.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration062.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration076.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration078.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration071.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration067.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a quare sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency.  When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes.   Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate.  The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate.   This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 – 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibrationsquare03.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a quare sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency.  When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes.   Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate.  The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate.   This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 – 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibrationsquare002.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a quare sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency.  When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes.   Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate.  The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate.   This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 – 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibrationsquare001.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration068.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a square sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency. When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes. Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate. The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate. This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 - 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibration064.jpg
  • Sand patterns formed from vibrating a quare sheet of thin metal. These formations, known as Chladni patterns, occur when fine particles, such as grains of sand or salt, form a unique pattern in response to pure tone vibrations such as musical notes. This sand was placed on a metal plate that was vibrated at different frequency.  When the plat is driven at a resonate frequency the sand grains will collect in the nodes.   Chladni Oscillations are a standing wave pattern visualized by vibrating a metal plate.  The nodes and anti-nodes of the oscillation are made visible my placing sand grains on the plate.   This technique for visualizing sound waves was discovered by Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756 – 1827) also know for his work with the speed of sound.
    K10vibrationsquare-set2.jpg
  • A ring magnet is used to test magnetic fields. This image is part of a series.
    magnetic-NN-liquid-crystal_0146.jpg
  • A ring magnet is used to test magnetic fields. This image is part of a series.
    magnetic-liquid-crystal_0131.jpg
  • Iron fillings showing the magnetic field of two ring magnets. The magnetic field induces magnetism in each of the filings, which then line up in the field. Although the field is actually continuous, interactions between the filings cause them to accumulate in thin arcing lines.This image is part of a seris.
    magnetic-iron-fields_0129.jpg
  • A ring magnet is used to test magnetic fields. This image is part of a series.
    magnetic-liquid-crystal_0129.jpg
  • The atomic emission spectra of mercury gas. <br />
Mercury vapor emission spectroscopy. Emission spectroscopy examines the wavelengths of photons emitted by atoms or molecules during their transition from an excited state to a lower energy state.
    K18-Mercury-Spectra.jpg
  • The electrostatic field lines around a point charge and a cylinder.   The electric fields are shown by placing the two charged objects in a pan filled with cooking oil and pepper flakes.  The pepper flakes align in the electric field and allow visualization of the field.  In this image the left point is charged to -30,000 volts while the right ring has a potential of + 30,000 volts.  This image is part of a series showing different charging conditions.  Of special importance is the lack of fields showing inside the cylinder.  This is the classic case of no electrical fields inside an electrical conductor.  In this image the cylinder acts as a Faraday cage and shields the enclosed area from any external electrical fields..
    K11-efield010.JPG
  • X-Ray of a Paintball Gun. A paintball gun is a gun that shoots round balls of paint using high pressure carbon dioxide gas.  The gas cylinder is shown in the picture, as are the paint balls.  Paintball is now a sport.
    K07x07painball1FC.jpg
  • The electrostatic field lines around a point charge and a cylinder.   The electric fields are shown by placing the two charged objects in a pan filled with cooking oil and pepper flakes.  The pepper flakes align in the electric field and allow visualization of the field.  In this image the left point is charged to -30,000 volts while the right ring has a potential of + 30,000 volts.  This image is part of a series showing different charging conditions.  Of special importance is the lack of fields showing inside the cylinder.  This is the classic case of no electrical fields inside an electrical conductor.  In this image the cylinder acts as a Faraday cage and shields the enclosed area from any external electrical fields..
    K11-efield012.JPG
  • A golf club moving at 97 miles per hour (43.36 m/s) hits a stationary golf ball.  The action is recorded by a fast strobe with a duration of 1/20,000th of a second.  In all collisions momentum is conserved. .
    K07-golfb0167.jpg
  • The atomic emission spectra of Hydrogen gas. <br />
Hydrogen vapor emission spectroscopy. Emission spectroscopy examines the wavelengths of photons emitted by atoms or molecules during their transition from an excited state to a lower energy state.
    K18-HYDROGEN-Spectra.jpg
  • The electrostatic field lines around  a point charge and a plate.The electric field is shown by placing the two plates below a pan filled with cooking oil and pepper flakes.  The pepper flakes align in the electric field and allow visualization of the field.  In this image the left point is charged to -30,000 volts while the right plate has a potential of + 30,000 volts.   This image is part of a series showing different charging conditions.
    K11-efield006A.jpg
  • The electrostatic field lines around two parallel plates are shown by placing the two plates below a pan filled with cooking oil and pepper flakes.  The pepper flakes align in the electric field and allow visualization of the field.  In this image the left and right plates have idential gharge of +30,000 volts. This image is part of a series showing different charging conditions.
    K11-efield003C.jpg
  • X-Ray of a Paintball Gun. A paintball gun is a gun that shoots round balls of paint using high pressure carbon dioxide gas.  The gas cylinder is shown in the picture, as are the paint balls.  Paintball is now a sport.
    K07x07painball1FC2.jpg
  • A golf club moving at 97 miles per hour (43.36 m/s) hits a stationary golf ball.  The action is recorded by a fast strobe with a duration of 1/1,000,000th of a second.  In all collisions momentum is conserved. .
    K07-golfb0152.jpg
  • The atomic emission spectra of Helium gas. <br />
Helium vapor emission spectroscopy. Emission spectroscopy examines the wavelengths of photons emitted by atoms or molecules during their transition from an excited state to a lower energy state.
    K18-Helium-Spectra.jpg
  • The electrostatic field lines around  a point charge and a plate.The electric field is shown by placing the two plates below a pan filled with cooking oil and pepper flakes.  The pepper flakes align in the electric field and allow visualization of the field.  In this image the left point is charged to -30,000 volts while the right plate has a potential of + 30,000 volts.   This image is part of a series showing different charging conditions.
    K11-efield006.JPG
  • A golf club moving at 97 miles per hour (43.36 m/s) hits a stationary golf ball.  The action is recorded by a fast strobe with a duration of 1/1,000,000th of a second.  In all collisions momentum is conserved.   This ball is a soft driving ball - not a regulation play ball..
    K07-golfb0147.jpg
  • The atomic emission spectra of Neon gas. <br />
Neon  vapor emission spectroscopy. Emission spectroscopy examines the wavelengths of photons emitted by atoms or molecules during their transition from an excited state to a lower energy state.
    K18-Neon-Spectra.jpg
  • The electrostatic field lines around two parallel plates are shown by placing the two plates below a pan filled with cooking oil and pepper flakes.  The pepper flakes align in the electric field and allow visualization of the field.  In this image the left and right plates have idential gharge of +30,000 volts. This image is part of a series showing different charging conditions.
    K11-efield003A.jpg
  • The electrostatic field lines around two parallel plates are shown by placing the two plates below a pan filled with cooking oil and pepper flakes.  The pepper flakes align in the electric field and allow visualization of the field.  In this image the left plate is charged to -30,000 volts while the right plate has a potential of + 30,000 volts.  This image is part of a series showing different charging conditions.
    K11-efield001B.jpg
  • Feet walking.  A special stroboscopic camera records the motion.  The record of the motion can be analyzed to show both the timing and range of the motion.  This type of image is very important in the science of biomechanics.
    walker8472.jpg
  • A dancers performing modern dance.  A special stroboscopic camera records the motion.  The record of the motion can be analyzed to show both the timing and range of the motion.  This type of image is very important in the science of biomechanics.
    dance8599.jpg
  • A dancer performing modern dance.  A special stroboscopic camera records the motion.  The record of the motion can be analyzed to show both the timing and range of the motion.  This type of image is very important in the science of biomechanics.
    dance8612.jpg
  • Two dancers performing modern dance.  A special stroboscopic camera records the motion.  The record of the motion can be analyzed to show both the timing and range of the motion.  This type of image is very important in the science of biomechanics.
    Dance8589.jpg
  • Smoke patterns. Smoke forming vortices (swirling patterns) in the air. This smoke is from a joss stick, a stick of incense that is burned to produce a fragrant smell.
    smokeIMG_4434.jpg
  • Feet walking.  A special stroboscopic camera records the motion.  The record of the motion can be analyzed to show both the timing and range of the motion.  This type of image is very important in the science of biomechanics.
    walking8462.jpg
  • A Weightlifter.  A special stroboscopic camera records the motion.  The record of the motion can be analyzed to show both the timing and range of the motion.  This type of image is very important in the science of biomechanics.
    weightlifter8496.jpg
  • Polarized light showing stress in a plastic injected magnifying lens. When photographed through cross-polarized white light some transparent plastics display birefringence effects, according to the pattern of residual stress within the plastic (a result of molding manufacturing). Areas of similar color represent regions under similar degrees of stress.
    K17-POL_4683.jpg
  • Ice water is placed in a beaker and the air is removed in a vacuum chamber.  Then the air pressure is lower that the waters vapor pressure the liquid will boil.
    K12vac-boil-icewater004.JPG
  • A demonstration electric motor.  This motor works on the principles of electromagnetism. Electric current running through the coil a magnetic field that opposes the bar magnets and causes the central shaft to rotate.  This converts electrical energy into rotary mechanical motion. .
    K11-motor4179.jpg
  • Magnetite. Magnetite, also known as lodestone, is a name given to either iron (III) oxide or iron (II) oxide. It is a naturally magnetic mineral. A sample of magnetite attracts an iron paper clip.
    K08magnetite0007.jpg
  • Vibrating strings on a base electric guitar. When plucked, the string vibrates at a specific frequency, which determines the pitch of the note. The vertical lines on the fretboard of the guitar mark where fingers should be placed to shorten or lengthen the vibrating part of the string. Shortening the string produces a note with a higher pitch, lengthening it lowers the note. The image was collected with a digital camera with a fast rolling shutter.
    K17strings-on-base-7.jpg
  • Blood droplet. In forensic science, the pattern created by projected blood is analyzed to determine information about the origin on the body, the weapon used and the number of blows, the relative position of the victim and assailant, and the sequence of events. This is a single drop that fell 20 cm onto a paper surface angled at 45 degrees to the horizontal.
    bloodsplatter-20cm-45deg_0202.jpg
  • Blood droplet. In forensic science, the pattern created by projected blood is analyzed to determine information about the origin on the body, the weapon used and the number of blows, the relative position of the victim and assailant, and the sequence of events. This is a single drop that fell 20 cm onto a flat paper surface.
    bloodsplatter-20cm_0208.jpg
  • Marshmallows are placed in a vacuum chamber and the air is removed.  As the air is removed the pressure drops causing the air trapped in the marshmallows to expand.  The trapped air expands to many the original volume and the marshmallows grows in size.  This image is part of a series taken at different vacuum pressures.
    K12vac-marshmallow005.JPG
  • Marshmallows are placed in a vacuum chamber and the air is removed.  As the air is removed the pressure drops causing the air trapped in the marshmallows to expand.  The trapped air expands to many the original volume and the marshmallows grows in size.  This image is part of a series taken at different vacuum pressures.
    K12vac-marshmallow001.JPG
  • The vacuum chamber setup to boil ice water in a vacuum.  Ice water is placed in a beaker and the air is removed in a vacuum chamber.  Then the air pressure is lower that the waters vapor pressure the liquid will boil.
    K12vac-boil-icewater001.JPG
  • An apple and a feather are released at the same time.  The feather that is falling in a vacuum chamber falls at the same rate as the apple in the air.  The feather and the apple have metal pins in them that are attracted to the strong magnets in the release mechanism that can be seen at the top of the image.  The flash is triggered at 1/20th of a second interval.  The apple and feather do accelerate at the same rate..The vacuum pressure was 30 microns.
    K12-gravity-apple001.JPG
  • .This is a demonstration of a ball rolling down an incline. The analysis of this demo requires the use of the  kinetic energy, potential energy, rolling energy, and friction.   The  ball is 2.5 cm in diameter. The flash illuminates the scene at 40 hz showing images every  .025 seconds of time. .
    K12-full-lAccel8115red.jpg
  • .This is a demonstration of a ball rolling down an incline. The analysis of this demo requires the use of the  kinetic energy, potential energy, rolling energy, and friction.   The  ball is 2.5 cm in diameter. The flash illuminates the scene at 40 hz showing images every  .025 seconds of time. .
    K12-full-lAccel8115blue.jpg
  • Marshmallows are placed in a vacuum chamber and the air is removed.  As the air is removed the pressure drops causing the air trapped in the marshmallows to expand.  The trapped air expands to many the original volume and the marshmallows grows in size.  This image is part of a series taken at different vacuum pressures.
    K12vac-marshmallow007.JPG
  • Ice water is placed in a beaker and the air is removed in a vacuum chamber.  Then the air pressure is lower that the waters vapor pressure the liquid will boil.
    K12vac-boil-icewater002.JPG
  • An apple and a feather are released at the same time.  The feather that is falling in a vacuum chamber falls at the same rate as the apple in the air.  The feather and the apple have metal pins in them that are attracted to the strong magnets in the release mechanism that can be seen at the top of the image.  The flash is triggered at 1/20th of a second interval.  The apple and feather do accelerate at the same rate..The vacuum pressure was 30 microns.
    K12-gravity-apple004.JPG
  • This is a demonstration of a ball rolling down an incline, slowing down, and then speeding back to where it started.  The ball is rolling from left to right in this image.  The analysis of this demo requires the use of the  kinetic energy, potential energy, rolling energy, and friction.   The  ball is 2.5 cm in diameter. The flash illuminates the scene at 40 hz showing images every  .025 seconds of time.
    K12-coaster8298.jpg
  • This is a demonstration of a ball rolling up an incline, slowing down, and then speeding up as it rolls down the opposite side.  The ball is rolling from left to right in this image.  The analysis of this demo requires the use of the  kinetic energy, potential energy, rolling energy, and friction.   The  ball is 2.5 cm in diameter. The flash illuminates the scene at 40 hz showing images every  .025 seconds of time.
    K12-coaster8263.jpg
  • This is a demonstration of a ball rolling up an incline, slowing down, and then speeding up as it rolls down the opposite side.  The ball is rolling from left to right in this image.  The analysis of this demo requires the use of the  kinetic energy, potential energy, rolling energy, and friction.   The  ball is 2.5 cm in diameter. The flash illuminates the scene at 40 hz showing images every  .025 seconds of time.
    K12-coaster8207blue.jpg
  • .This is a demonstration of a ball rolling down an incline and making the loop-the-loop path.  The velocity required to make the loop is called the critical velocity.   The analysis of this demo requires the use of the centripetal force, kinetic energy, potential energy, rolling energy, and friction.  This is also an example of a critical velocity.  The loop is 19.5 cm in diameter and the ball is 2.5 cm in diameter. The flash illuminates the scene at 40 hz showing images every  .025 seconds of time. .
    K12-full-loop8115red.jpg
  • Crookes tube. Invented by William Crookes (1832 - 1919) in the late 19th century.  This apparatus was used to investigate the path taken by electrons or cathode rays as they were called then.   In this experiment the electrons are emitted from a central disc towards the glass.  As the electrons collide with the glass they fluoresce.   The metal star pattern blocks the electrons causing a shadow on the glass.  Crookes showed from the resulting shadow that electrons travel in straight lines.  The overall glow of the apparatus is caused by the excitation of the remaining gas molecules in the tube.
    K08crookes0372.jpg
  • Vibrating strings on a base electric guitar. When plucked, the string vibrates at a specific frequency, which determines the pitch of the note. The vertical lines on the fretboard of the guitar mark where fingers should be placed to shorten or lengthen the vibrating part of the string. Shortening the string produces a note with a higher pitch, lengthening it lowers the note. The image was collected with a digital camera with a fast rolling shutter.
    K17strings-on-base-9.jpg
  • Vibrating strings on a base electric guitar. When plucked, the string vibrates at a specific frequency, which determines the pitch of the note. The vertical lines on the fretboard of the guitar mark where fingers should be placed to shorten or lengthen the vibrating part of the string. Shortening the string produces a note with a higher pitch, lengthening it lowers the note. The image was collected with a digital camera with a fast rolling shutter.
    K17strings-on-base-5.jpg
  • Polarized light showing stress in a plastic injected magnifying lens. When photographed through cross-polarized white light some transparent plastics display birefringence effects, according to the pattern of residual stress within the plastic (a result of molding manufacturing). Areas of similar color represent regions under similar degrees of stress.
    K17-POL_4684.jpg
  • Blood droplet. In forensic science, the pattern created by projected blood is analyzed to determine information about the origin on the body, the weapon used and the number of blows, the relative position of the victim and assailant, and the sequence of events. This is a single drop that fell 20 cm onto a flat paper surface.
    bloodsplatter-21cm_0188.jpg
  • Blood droplet. In forensic science, the pattern created by projected blood is analyzed to determine information about the origin on the body, the weapon used and the number of blows, the relative position of the victim and assailant, and the sequence of events. This is a single drop that fell 20 cm onto a flat paper surface.
    bloodsplatter-21cm_0186.jpg
  • Blood droplet. In forensic science, the pattern created by projected blood is analyzed to determine information about the origin on the body, the weapon used and the number of blows, the relative position of the victim and assailant, and the sequence of events. This is a single drop that fell 20 cm onto a paper surface angled at 75 degrees to the horizontal.
    bloodsplatter-20cm-75deg_0199.jpg
  • Blood droplet. In forensic science, the pattern created by projected blood is analyzed to determine information about the origin on the body, the weapon used and the number of blows, the relative position of the victim and assailant, and the sequence of events. This is a single drop that fell 20 cm onto a paper surface angled at 45 degrees to the horizontal.
    bloodsplatter-20cm-45deg_0201.jpg
  • A balloon is placed in a vacuum chamber and the air is removed.  As the air is removed the pressure drops causing the air trapped in the balloon to expand.  The trapped air expands to many the original volume and the balloon grows in size.  This image is part of a series taken at different vacuum pressures.
    K12vac-pink-balloon001.JPG
  • Marshmallows are placed in a vacuum chamber and the air is removed.  As the air is removed the pressure drops causing the air trapped in the marshmallows to expand.  The trapped air expands to many the original volume and the marshmallows grows in size.  This image is part of a series taken at different vacuum pressures.
    K12vac-marshmallow006.JPG
  • Marshmallows are placed in a vacuum chamber and the air is removed.  As the air is removed the pressure drops causing the air trapped in the marshmallows to expand.  The trapped air expands to many the original volume and the marshmallows grows in size.  This image is part of a series taken at different vacuum pressures.
    K12vac-marshmallow004.JPG
  • Marshmallows are placed in a vacuum chamber and the air is removed.  As the air is removed the pressure drops causing the air trapped in the marshmallows to expand.  The trapped air expands to many the original volume and the marshmallows grows in size.  This image is part of a series taken at different vacuum pressures.
    K12vac-marshmallow002.JPG
  • This is a demonstration of a ball rolling up an incline, slowing down, and then speeding up as it rolls down the opposite side.  The ball is rolling from left to right in this image.  The analysis of this demo requires the use of the  kinetic energy, potential energy, rolling energy, and friction.   The  ball is 2.5 cm in diameter. The flash illuminates the scene at 40 hz showing images every  .025 seconds of time.
    K12-coaster8207.jpg
  • .This is a demonstration of a ball rolling down an incline and almost making the loop-the-loop path.  The ball does not have enough velocity to make the loop.  The velocity required to make the loop is called the critical velocity, and this show a situation where the ball leaves the surface of the track, or the normal force from the track on the ball is zero.  The analysis of this demo requires the use of the centripetal force, kinetic energy, potential energy, rolling energy, and friction.  This is also an example of a sub critical velocity.  The loop is 19.5 cm in diameter and the ball is 2.5 cm in diameter. The flash illuminates the scene at 40 hz showing images every  .025 seconds of time. .
    K12-looploop8096white.jpg
  • .This is a demonstration of a ball rolling down an incline and making the loop-the-loop path.  The velocity required to make the loop is called the critical velocity.   The analysis of this demo requires the use of the centripetal force, kinetic energy, potential energy, rolling energy, and friction.  This is also an example of a critical velocity.  The loop is 19.5 cm in diameter and the ball is 2.5 cm in diameter. The flash illuminates the scene at 40 hz showing images every  .025 seconds of time. .
    K12-full-loop8115white.jpg
  • A balloon is placed in a vacuum chamber and the air is removed.  As the air is removed the pressure drops causing the air trapped in the balloon to expand.  The trapped air expands to many the original volume and the balloon grows in size.  This image is part of a series taken at different vacuum pressures.
    K12vac-pink-balloon002.JPG
  • Marshmallows are placed in a vacuum chamber and the air is removed.  As the air is removed the pressure drops causing the air trapped in the marshmallows to expand.  The trapped air expands to many the original volume and the marshmallows grows in size.  This image is part of a series taken at different vacuum pressures.
    K12vac-marshmallow008.JPG
  • Marshmallows are placed in a vacuum chamber and the air is removed.  As the air is removed the pressure drops causing the air trapped in the marshmallows to expand.  The trapped air expands to many the original volume and the marshmallows grows in size.  This image is part of a series taken at different vacuum pressures.
    K12vac-marshmallow003.JPG
  • .This is a demonstration of a ball rolling down an incline and almost making the loop-the-loop path.  The ball does not have enough velocity to make the loop.  The velocity required to make the loop is called the critical velocity, and this show a situation where the ball leaves the surface of the track, or the normal force from the track on the ball is zero.  The analysis of this demo requires the use of the centripetal force, kinetic energy, potential energy, rolling energy, and friction.  This is also an example of a sub critical velocity.  The loop is 19.5 cm in diameter and the ball is 2.5 cm in diameter. The flash illuminates the scene at 40 hz showing images every  .025 seconds of time. .
    K12-looploop8096.jpg
  • Vibrating strings on a base electric guitar. When plucked, the string vibrates at a specific frequency, which determines the pitch of the note. The vertical lines on the fretboard of the guitar mark where fingers should be placed to shorten or lengthen the vibrating part of the string. Shortening the string produces a note with a higher pitch, lengthening it lowers the note. The image was collected with a digital camera with a fast rolling shutter.
    K17strings-on-base-8.jpg
  • Polarized light showing stress in a plastic injected petri dish. When photographed through cross-polarized white light some transparent plastics display birefringence effects, according to the pattern of residual stress within the plastic (a result of molding manufacturing). Areas of similar color represent regions under similar degrees of stress.
    K17-POL_dish4541.jpg
  • Blood droplet. In forensic science, the pattern created by projected blood is analyzed to determine information about the origin on the body, the weapon used and the number of blows, the relative position of the victim and assailant, and the sequence of events. This is a single drop that fell 20 cm onto a flat paper surface.
    bloodsplatter-100cm_0196.jpg
  • Blood droplet. In forensic science, the pattern created by projected blood is analyzed to determine information about the origin on the body, the weapon used and the number of blows, the relative position of the victim and assailant, and the sequence of events. This is a single drop that fell differnent heights.  The height of the drops on the bottom row were 5 cm, second row from the bottom is 15 cm, third row from the bottom is 20, the top row is 30 cm.  There drops all fell onto a flat paper surface.
    bloodsplatter-20cm-calibration_0216.jpg
  • Blood droplet. In forensic science, the pattern created by projected blood is analyzed to determine information about the origin on the body, the weapon used and the number of blows, the relative position of the victim and assailant, and the sequence of events. This is a single drop that fell 20 cm onto a paper surface angled at 80 degrees to the horizontal.
    bloodsplatter-20cm-80deg_0204.jpg
  • Blood droplet. In forensic science, the pattern created by projected blood is analyzed to determine information about the origin on the body, the weapon used and the number of blows, the relative position of the victim and assailant, and the sequence of events. This is a single drop that fell 20 cm onto a flat paper surface.
    bloodsplatter-20cm_0193.jpg
  • This is a demonstration of a ball rolling up an incline, slowing down, and then speeding up as it rolls down the opposite side.  The ball is rolling from left to right in this image.  The analysis of this demo requires the use of the  kinetic energy, potential energy, rolling energy, and friction.   The  ball is 2.5 cm in diameter. The flash illuminates the scene at 40 hz showing images every  .025 seconds of time.
    K12-coaster8207red.jpg
  • Here a small dish of water is mounted on a speaker and vibrated at different frequencies. At specific frequencies standing waves are created. The frequency is dependent on the depth of the water, the size of the dish, and speed of waves in the liquid. Many modes of oscillation are possible in the same dish of water. To get better lighting black ink was added to the water
    K21-water-vibrations_0473A.jpg
  • Two water drips collide. One drip hits a surface of water and rebounds at the exact time a second drip calls. The resulting collision makes a spray of water. This effect is photographed with a high speed flash and is effectively frozen in time with a 20 microsecond flash.
    K21-Double-Water-Drips-03236.jpg
  • Two water drips collide. One drip hits a surface of water and rebounds at the exact time a second drip calls. The resulting collision makes a spray of water. This effect is photographed with a high speed flash and is effectively frozen in time with a 20 microsecond flash.
    K21-Double-Water-Drips-03098.jpg
  • Two water drips collide. One drip hits a surface of water and rebounds at the exact time a second drip calls. The resulting collision makes a spray of water. This effect is photographed with a high speed flash and is effectively frozen in time with a 20 microsecond flash.
    K21-Double-Water-Drips-03067.jpg
  • A Sunflower seen in ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The image shows the different patterns on the flower petals that have evolved to attract insects to the flower. These patterns are often called honey guides. This image is part of a series showing the same flower in ultraviolet (UV) radiation and visible light.
    K19Flower-B4497UV.jpg
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